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Anti-aging Research > Potassium
Potassium
Specific Recommendations:
News & Research:
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Natural
therapies: Cardiologists examine alternatives to halt high blood pressure -
Science Daily, 8/30/11 - "The shining star among supplements is
coenzyme Q10, an
enzyme involved in energy production that also acts as an antioxidant. Patients
with hypertension tend to have lower levels of the enzyme, and a meta-analysis
-- an overarching analysis of past studies -- found that treatment with coenzyme
Q10 supplements significantly reduced blood pressure ... Coenzyme Q10 has a
pretty profound effect on blood pressure, but whenever research is based on a
collection of other data you have to have some skepticism ... potassium helps
lower blood pressure, and there is evidence that increasing the amount of
potassium we get through the foods we eat could carry some of the same mild
benefits as taking supplements" - See
coenzyme Q10 products at iHerb
and
potassium products at iHerb.
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Potassium,
Calcium, and Magnesium Intakes and Stroke Risk (printer-friendly) -
Medscape, 8/2/11 - "In conclusion, findings from
this prospective cohort study of women suggest that potassium and magnesium
intakes are inversely associated with risk of cerebral infarction among
women with hypertension. We observed no protective effect of calcium intake
on stroke risk"
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Study investigates association between intake of sodium and potassium and
deaths among U.S. adults - Science Daily, 7/13/11
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Sodium/Potassium Ratio Important for Health - Medscape, 7/12/11 -
"During a mean follow-up of 14.8 years, there were a
total of 2270 deaths, including 825 cardiovascular deaths and 443 ischemic
heart-disease deaths. After multivariable adjustment, higher sodium intake
was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 1.20 per 1000 mg/day),
whereas higher potassium intake was associated with lower mortality risk (HR
0.80 per 1000 mg/day) ... For sodium-potassium ratio, the adjusted hazard
ratios comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile were 1.46 for
all-cause mortality, 1.46 for CVD mortality, and 2.15 for ischemic heart
disease (IHD) mortality ... The results show that sodium/potassium ratio of
<1 is protective ... One simple way of boosting potassium, she notes, is to
replace regular snacks with fruit"
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Boost
Potassium Intake to Cut Stroke by 20% - Medscape, 2/28/11 -
"Potassium
intake may be increased by well-described dietary changes, mainly an increase in
fruit and vegetable consumption, as recommended by all guidelines to prevent
vascular diseases ... those that are very rich in potassium--including
bananas, tomatoes, oranges, apricots, and most legumes--is probably best ... The
researchers identified 11 studies on the association between habitual dietary
potassium intake and incidence of vascular events over the past 30 years ... In
the pooled analysis, a 1.64-g (42 mmol)/day higher potassium intake--which Strazzullo says is equivalent to around three pieces of fruit high in
potassium--was associated with a 21% lower risk of stroke (risk ratio 0.79;
p=0.0007), with a trend toward lower risk of CHD and total CVD that attained
statistical significance after the exclusion of a single cohort (RR 0.93; p=0.03
and RR 0.74; p=0.0037)"
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Serum
Potassium May Predict Incident Type 2 Diabetes - Medscape, 10/29/10 -
"Serum
potassium level was inversely associated with the risk for incident diabetes,
based on multivariate analyses. Compared with adults who had a high-normal serum
potassium level (5.0 - 5.5 mEq/L), those with serum potassium levels less than
4.0 mEq/L, 4.0 to less than 4.5 mEq/L, and 4.5 to less than 5.0 mEq/L had an
adjusted HR of incident diabetes of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 -
2.08), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.34 - 2.01), and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.14 - 1.71), respectively"
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Consumption of 'good salt' can reduce population blood pressure levels,
research finds - Science Daily, 9/13/10 - "the
average potassium intake in 21 countries including the US, China, New
Zealand, Germany and the Netherlands varies between 1.7 and 3.7 g a day.
This is considerably lower than the 4.7 g a day, which has been recommended
based on the positive health effects observed at this level of intake ... A
hypothetical increase in the potassium intake to the recommended level would
reduce the systolic blood pressure in the populations of these countries by
between 1.7 and 3.2 mm Hg ... Earlier studies have shown that salt reduction
of 3 g per day in food could reduce blood pressure and prevent 2500 deaths
per year due to cardiovascular diseases in the Netherlands. In Western
countries, salt consumption can be as high as 9-12 g a day whereas 5 g is
the recommended amount according to WHO standards"
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High
potassium? Check your antibiotic - Science Daily, 7/1/10
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Risks
from low potassium in heart failure patients with chronic kidney disease -
Science Daily, 2/22/10 - "In findings reported in January in Circulation: Heart
Failure, a journal of the American Heart Association, the researchers say that
even a mild decrease in serum potassium level increased the risk of death in
this patient group ... Hypokalemia, or low potassium, is common in heart-failure
patients and is associated with poor outcomes, as is chronic kidney disease ...
Death occurred in 48 percent of the patients with hypokalemia during the
57-month follow-up period, compared with only 36 percent of patients with normal
potassium. The vast majority of subjects, 87 percent, had mild hypokalemia"
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Excessive Cola Consumption Can Lead To Super-sized Muscle Problems, Warn
Doctors - Science Daily, 5/19/09 - "We are
consuming more soft drinks than ever before and a number of health issues
have already been identified including tooth problems, bone demineralisation
and the development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes ... Evidence is
increasing to suggest that excessive cola consumption can also lead to
hypokalaemia, in which the blood potassium levels fall, causing an adverse
effect on vital muscle functions ... It appears that hypokalaemia can be
caused by excessive consumption of three of the most common ingredients in
cola drinks – glucose, fructose and caffeine"
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Low-Sodium, High Potassium is Effective in Lowering Blood Pressure -
Science Daily, 1/26/09 - "Those with the highest
sodium levels in their urine were 20% more likely to suffer strokes, heart
attacks, or other forms of cardiovascular disease compared with their
counterparts with the lowest sodium levels. However this link was not strong
enough to be considered statistically significant ... By contrast,
participants with the highest sodium-to-potassium ratio in urine were 50%
more likely to experience cardiovascular disease than those with the lowest
sodium-to-potassium ratios. This link was statistically significant ... To
lower blood pressure and blunt the effects of salt, adults should consume
4.7 grams of potassium per day unless they have a clinical condition or
medication need that is a contraindication to increased potassium intake"
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Reducing Salt Intake Isn't The Only Way To Reduce Blood Pressure -
Science Daily, 1/26/09 - "A new study suggests that
people trying to lower their blood pressure should also boost their intake
of potassium, which has the opposite effect to sodium ... To lower blood
pressure and blunt the effects of salt, adults should consume 4.7 grams of
potassium per day unless they have a clinical condition or medication need
that is a contraindication to increased potassium intake"
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Potassium Loss From Blood Pressure Drugs May Explain Higher Risk Of Adult
Diabetes - Science Daily, 11/24/08 - "a drop in
blood potassium levels caused by diuretics commonly prescribed for high
blood pressure could be the reason why people on those drugs are at risk for
developing type 2 diabetes"
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Low
Potassium Linked To High Blood Pressure - Science Daily, 11/8/08 -
"As a risk factor for high blood pressure, low
levels of potassium in the diet may be as important as high levels of
sodium"
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Low
Potassium Levels Linked To Increased Long-Term Mortality In Heart Failure
Patients - Science Daily, 6/11/07
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Potassium Citrate Beneficial for Osteopenia - Medscape, 10/23/06
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Potassium citrate supplements linked to thicker bones - Nutra USA,
10/12/06 - "Taking potassium citrate
supplements could boost bone mineral density by similar amounts as observed
with pharmaceuticals ... At the end of the study, women taking the potassium
citrate supplement are reported to have a significant, one per cent increase
in BMD in the vertebrae of the lower back (lumbar spine), compared to
baseline ... However, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine of women
taking the potassium chloride supplement (none alkaline) was found to have
significantly decreased after one year of supplementation, by about one per
cent"
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Too Much
Potassium? - Dr. Weil, 8/17/06
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Good News
for Salt Lovers - New Hope Natural Media Online, 8/3/06 -
"The men who ate from the kitchens
using potassium-enriched salt were about 40% less likely to die from
cardiovascular disease than the men who ate from the kitchens using regular
salt"
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Salt Substitute May Help Hearts - WebMD, 6/16/06
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Substituting Salt With a Potassium Salt May Benefit Elderly Veterans -
Medscape, 6/14/06 - "subjects in the
potassium chloride cohort had a hazard ratio of 0.59 for CVD mortality vs
the control group ... Subjects in the potassium chloride group enjoyed an
increased average life expectancy of 0.3 to 0.9 years vs the control group
... Dietary potassium chloride was associated with a significant reduction
in the cost of inpatient care vs sodium chloride, with subjects in the
experimental group incurring an average of $426 less inpatient cost per
individual"
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Salt
Substitute Significantly Reduces Hypertension Amongst Rural Chinese -
Science Daily, 3/14/06 - "Among the
600 individuals studied in rural Northern China, the low-sodium
high-potassium salt substitute demonstrated that it could reduce blood
pressure to about the same extent as single drug therapy"
-
Potassium review
- ConsumerLab.com, 8/16/05
- Potassium Supplementation Reduces Blood Pressure -
Healthwell Exchange Daily News, 10/30/03 - "59 healthy adults between the ages of 25 and 65 years were randomly
assigned to receive 600 mg of potassium chloride three times per day or a
placebo for six weeks ... Systolic blood
pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP all decreased significantly
in those taking potassium (by 7.6 mmHg, 6.5 mmHg, and 7.0 mmHg,
respectively), compared with initial measurements. A significant increase in
blood pressure was observed in those taking placebo"
- Addition of Low-Dose Potassium to Diet Lowers Blood Pressure
- Medscape, 8/19/03 - "KCl
was administered as 1 slow-release tablet containing 8
mmol
KCL taken 3 times daily with
meals. This daily dose of potassium is equivalent to the content of 5
portions of fresh fruits and vegetables. At the end of the 6-week
intervention, the 30 subjects who took potassium showed significant
decreases in SBP and DBP (7.60 and 6.46 mm
Hg, respectively)"
- Remember Sodium? We're Still Getting Too Much -
Intelihealth, 3/14/03 - "In the case of osteoporosis, potassium appears to offset calcium losses
from excessive sodium ... postmenopausal women
with diets high in salt lost higher amounts of bone mineral. Eating
potassium-rich foods such as bananas, tomatoes and orange juice helped stem
the calcium loss"
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Potassium Administration Helps Leg Blood Flow in Heart Failure Patients
- Doctor's Guide, 11/19/02
- Low Dietary Or Serum Potassium Risk Factor For Stroke
- Doctor's Guide, 8/27/02 - "Diuretic
users had an increased risk for stroke which was
associated with lower serum potassium (relative risk 2.5;P<0.0001). People
who did not use diuretics had an increased risk for stroke if they had low
dietary potassium intake (relative risk 1.5;P<0.005)"
- Will A Banana A Day Keep A Stroke Away? -
Intelihealth, 8/13/02
- Serum Potassium Not Associated With Cardiovascular Risk In General
Population - Doctor's Guide, 5/14/02
- Potassium
Citrate Thwarts Deleterious Effects of High Sodium Chloride Diet
- Doctor's Guide, 10/14/01 - "oral potassium citrate prevents the increased calcium losses and bone
turnover caused by a high dietary salt intake"
- FDA Grants Health Claim to Potassium - Nutrition
Science News, 1/01
-
Banana growers given the nod on low BP claims - CNN, 11/2/00
- Bone Up on Osteoporosis - Nutrition Science News,
10/00
- The Other Bone Builders - Nutrition Science News,
10/99
- Low
Potassium Levels Before Cardiac Surgery Linked To Complications -
Doctor's Guide, 6/17/99
- 10 for the Road: Essential Nutrients for Endurance Athletes
- Nutrition Science News, 5/99
-
Potassium-Magnesium Citrate Effective In Correcting Thiazide-Induced Side
Effects - Doctor's Guide, 11/13/98
-
High blood pressure: Newest research explores prevention, treatment -
CNN, 9/21/98
- Potassium
Linked To Lowered Blood Pressure - Doctor's Guide,
1/16/98
- Cardia Salt
Alternative Shown To Lower Blood Pressure -
Doctor's Guide, 5/31/97
- Small Amount
Of Potassium May Delay Onset Of High Blood Pressure - Doctor's Guide,
5/27/97
- New Salt
Alternative That Helps Reduce Blood Pressure Launched Nationally -
Doctor's Guide, 1/16/97
Abstracts:
-
Sodium
intake in men and potassium intake in women determine the prevalence of
metabolic syndrome in Japanese hypertensive patients: OMEGA Study -
Hypertens Res. 2011 Jun 9 - "High sodium intake was
significantly related to increased SBP (P=0.0003) and DBP (P=0.0130). Low
potassium intake was significantly related to increased SBP (P=0.0057) and DBP
(P=0.0005). Low soybean/fish intake was significantly related to increased SBP
(P=0.0133). A significantly higher prevalence of MS was found in men in the
highest quartile of sodium intake compared with the lower quartiles (P=0.0026)
and in women in the lowest quartile of potassium intake compared with the higher
quartiles (P=0.0038). A clear relation between dietary habits and blood pressure
was found in Japanese hypertensive patients using a patient-administered
questionnaire. Sodium and potassium intake affect MS prevalence. Dietary changes
are warranted within hypertension treatment strategies"
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The
association of serum potassium level with left ventricular mass in patients with
primary aldosteronism - Eur J Clin Invest. 2011 Jan 21 -
"Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated a worse cardiovascular outcome than essential
hypertension. Hypokalemia, which is one major characteristic of PA, can affect
both cardiac structure and function ... the control group (group 1). Thirty-two
patients with serum potassium < 3·5 mmol L(-1) were defined as hypokalemia
(group 2), and 53 patients with serum potassium ≥ 3·5 mmol L(-1) were defined as
normokalemia (group 3) ... Group 2 patients had significant higher systolic and
diastolic blood pressure (DBP), log-transformed plasma aldosterone
concentration, log-transformed aldosterone-to-renin ratio and lower serum
potassium level than groups 1 and 3. In echocardiographic measurement, group 2
patients had higher LV mass index (LVMI) than groups 1 and 3. In multivariate
analysis for factors affecting LVMI in PA patients, only serum potassium level
(P = 0·001), use of spironolactone (P = 0·004) and DBP (P = 0·005) were
independent factors. In the TDI study, both groups 2 and 3 had lower e' and E/e'
values than group 1. Conclusions Serum potassium level is significantly
associated with LVMI in PA patients. Compared with essential hypertensive
patients, PA patients had a greater impairment of cardiac diastolic function"
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Potassium magnesium supplementation for four weeks improves small distal
artery compliance and reduces blood pressure in patients with essential
hypertension - Clin Exp Hypertens. 2006 Jul;28(5):489-97 -
"magnesium, 70.8 mg/d; potassium,
217.2 mg/d ... On K+ and Mg2+ supplementation, systolic and diastolic BP
decreased 7.83 +/- 1.87 mm Hg and 3.67 +/- 1.03 mm Hg"
-
The effect of low-dose potassium supplementation on blood
pressure in apparently healthy volunteers - Br J
Nutr. 2003 Jul;90(1):53-60 -
"After 6 weeks of supplementation MAP
[mean arterial pressure] was reduced by 7.01 ... mmHg,
SBP was reduced by 7.60 ...
mmHg and DBP was reduced by 6.46 ... mmHg ... A low daily dietary supplement
of K, equivalent to the content of five portions of fresh fruits and
vegetables, induced a substantial reduction in MAP, similar in effect to
single-drug therapy for hypertension"
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