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Pterostilbene

Specific Recommendations:

• Pterostilbene at Amazon.com

News & Research:

• FISETIN Benefits vs Resveratrol | Powerful Age Reversal 2020 - 16 minute YouTube video.  See my flavonoid, resveratrol and pterostilbene pages.  See Fisetin at Amazon.com, resveratrol products at Amazon.com and pterostilbene at Amazon.com.
• Berry good news: newly discovered compound from blueberries could treat inflammatory disorders - Science Daily, 9/23/20 - "In their latest study, published in The FASEB Journal, the scientists identified a polyphenolic compound called "pterostilbene" (PSB) with strong immunosuppressive properties -- making it a potential therapeutic option for chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This compound is very similar to another phytocompound known to have important medicinal effects, called "resveratrol" (RSV) ... Our findings showed that PSB possesses a strong immunosuppressive property, paving the way for a new, natural treatment for IBD" - See pterostilbene at Amazon.com and iHerb.
• Beyond Resveratrol: The Anti-Aging NAD Fad - Scientific American, 3/11/15 - "A prominent theory of aging holds that decaying of mitochondria is a key driver of aging. While it's not clear why our mitochondria fade as we age, evidence suggests that it leads to everything from heart failure to neurodegeneration, as well as the complete absence of zipping around the supper table ... NAD boosters might work synergistically with supplements like resveratrol to help reinvigorate mitochondria and ward off diseases of aging. Elysium is banking on this potential synergy—its NR-containing supplement includes a resveratrol-like substance called pterostilbene (pronounced tero-STILL-bean), which is found in blueberries and grapes ... Why pterostilbene instead of resveratrol? ... While resveratrol has hogged the anti-aging spotlight over the past decade, unsung researchers in places like Oxford, Miss., have quietly shown that pterostilbene is a kind of extra-potent version of resveratrol. The pterostilbene molecule is nearly identical to resveratrol's except for a couple of differences that make it more "bioavailable" (animal studies indicate that about four times as much ingested pterostilbene gets into the bloodstream as resveratrol). Test-tube and rodent studies also suggest that pterostilbene is more potent than resveratrol when it comes to improving brain function, warding off various kinds of cancer and preventing heart disease." - Note: This was a year old article that showed up on my Facebook. I read some of the reviews on Amazon. Nothing gets my goat more that people who think something that delays aging has to give you a buzz such as caffeine. That said, some of the reviews for nicotinamide riboside said it negatively affected their sleep and made them for fatigued and depressed. The negative reviews for Niagen seems to be from those that think it has to give you a buzz (err!!).  I'm sticking with this for now: Reserveage Nutrition - Resveratrol with Pterostilbene 500mg, Cellular Age-Defying Formula, 60 veg capsules at Amazon.com.  Also see Niagen at Amazon.com.
• Pterostilbene ‘more potent than resveratrol’ for colon health: Study - Nutra USA, 3/21/11 - "the chemopreventive effect of pterostilbene was more potent than resveratrol and was associated with a decreased inflammation as well as modulation of the antioxidant signaling pathways in the colons of mice" - [Abstract]

Abstracts:

• Pterostilbene could alleviate diabetic cognitive impairment by suppressing TLR4/NF-кB pathway through microbiota-gut-brain axis - Phytother Res 2023 Apr 10 - "Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder caused by diabetes, with chronic inflammation being a crucial factor in its pathogenesis. Pterostilbene is a well-known natural stilbene derivative that has excellent anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting its potential medicinal advantages for treating DCI ... Pharmacological evaluation showed pterostilbene could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, regulate glycolipid metabolism disorders, improve neuronal damage, and reduce the accumulation of β-amyloid in DCI mice. Pterostilbene alleviated neuroinflammation by suppressing oxidative stress and carbonyl stress damage, astrocyte and microglia activation, and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Further investigations showed that pterostilbene reduced the level of lipopolysaccharide, modulated colon and brain TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, and decreased the release of inflammatory factors, which in turn inhibited intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, pterostilbene could also improve the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota, increase the levels of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors, and suppress the loss of intestinal tight junction proteins. In addition, the results of plasma non-targeted metabolomics revealed that pterostilbene could modulate differential metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with inflammation, thereby suppressing systemic inflammation in DCI mice. Collectively, our study found for the first time that pterostilbene could alleviate diabetic cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which may be one of the potential mechanisms for its neuroprotective effects" - See pterostilbene at Amazon.com.
• Pterostilbene Prevents Tunicamycin-Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage by Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Gut Microbiota - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Oct 12 - "Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. Pterostilbene (PT) has been demonstrated to mitigate ER stress and protect against intestinal disorders ... In conclusion, PT alleviated TM-induced intestinal barrier damage by regulating ER homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagic flux, and gut microbiota"
• The Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Capabilities of Pterostilbene and its Colonic Metabolite Pinostilbene Protect against Tight Junction Disruption from Western Diet Feeding - Mol Nutr Food Res 2022 Jun 25 - "Tight junctions (TJs) are a member of the intestinal epithelium barrier that provides the first line of protection against external factors. Anti-obesity and protective effects of pterostilbene (PSB) on TJs have previously been reported, but the effect of its colonic metabolite, pinostilbene (PIN), is less understood ... This is the first study suggesting that PIN, the metabolite of PSB, demonstrates a similar protective effect on colonic TJ proteins via its anti-obesity, hepatic protection and anti-inflammatory capabilities"
• Triad3A-Dependent TLR4 Ubiquitination and Degradation Contributes to the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pterostilbene on Vascular Dementia - J Agric Food Chem 2022 May 9 - "Pterostilbene, a methylated stilbene derived from many plant foods, has significant anti-inflammatory activity. Meanwhile, vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common subtype of dementia, in which inflammation is one of the major pathogenic contributors ... Y-maze and Morris water maze tests showed pterostilbene-attenuated cognitive impairment in mice with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). The hippocampal neuronal death and microglial activation in BCCAO mice were also reduced by pterostilbene treatment. Further, pterostilbene inhibited the expression of TLR4 and downstream inflammatory cytokines in these mice, with similar results observed in an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) BV-2 cell model. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect on OGD/R BV-2 cells was partially blocked by TLR4 overexpression. Moreover, Triad3A-TLR4 interactions were increased by pterostilbene following enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of TLR4, and the inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on inflammation was blocked by Triad3A knockdown in OGD/R-stimulated BV-2 cells. Together, these results reveal that pterostilbene could reduce vascular cognitive impairment and that Triad3A-mediated TLR4 degradation might be the key target"
• Pterostilbene and Its Derivative 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Ameliorated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Synergistic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and SIRT1/AMPK Signaling Pathway - J Agric Food Chem 2022 Apr 13 - "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a recent chronic liver disease common in many developed countries and is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and insulin resistance. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of pterostilbene (Pt) and its derivative 3'-hydroxypterostilbene (OHPt) on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that Pt and OHPt significantly ameliorated FFA-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells and enhanced lipolysis through the upregulation of SIRT1/AMPK and insulin signaling pathway ... These robust results indicate that Pt and OHPt are able to possess potential health benefits in improving insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis by promoting healthy populations or abundances of considered vital microbiota. Besides, OHPt is more effective than Pt, which might have promising chemotherapeutic effects for future clinical application"
• Dietary pterostilbene for MTA1-targeted interception in high-risk premalignant prostate cancer - Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021 Oct 21 - "mice fed with a pterostilbene-supplemented diet exhibited more favorable histopathology with decreased severity and number of PIN foci accompanied by reduced proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation concomitant to reduction in MTA1 and MTA1-associated CyclinD1, Notch2, and oncogenic miR-34a and miR-22 levels"
• Dietary Pterostilbene and Resveratrol Modulate the Gut Microbiota Influenced by Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation - Mol Nutr Food Res 2021 Sep 10 - "the possible impact of pterostilbene and resveratrol on the gut microbiota brought by chronic jet-lag in mice was investigated ... Our result suggested that supplementation of resveratrol and pterostilbene could potentially dampen some adverse effects of gut microbiota dysbiosis, and at the same time, re-composite and facilitate the growth of health beneficial microbiota" - See pterostilbene at Amazon.com and iHerb and resveratrol products at Amazon.com and resveratrol at iHerb.
• Pterostilbene Attenuates High-Fat Diet and Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis via Suppressing Inflammation and Intestinal Fibrosis in Mice - J Agric Food Chem 2021 Jun 30 - "The worldwide prevalence of obesity has significantly increased over the past few decades. It is currently believed that obesity is a risk factor for developing inflammatory bowel disease. Pterostilbene (PTS), a naturally occurring stilbene from blueberries, is known to have anticancer, anti-inflammation, antifibrosis, and antiobesity effects. ... the results of the present study suggest that PTS is of significant interest for the prevention of HFD/DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice"
• Pterostilbene Improves Insulin Resistance Caused by Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in Hepatocytes and Mice - Mol Nutr Food Res 2021 Jun 3 - "Increased consumption of modern processed foods rich in AGEs are drawing worldwide concerns because they are related with rising diabetes prevalence. This study aimed to investigate if pterostilbene (PTE) regulates glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, as well as its potential mechanism in the context of AGEs exposure ... PTE treatment prominently reduced AGEs accumulation and alleviated AGEs-associated diabetes symptoms. PTE could be used as a promising glucose-sensitizing agent for nutritional intervention"
• Prevention of Vascular Inflammation by Pterostilbene via Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Reduction and Mechanism of Microbiota Regulation - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Oct - "It appears that pterostilbene can alter host physiology and create an intestinal microenvironment favorable for certain gut microbiota. Gut microbiota analysis reveals that pterostilbene increases the abundance of Bacteroides. Further, pterostilbene decreases mRNA levels of vascular inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin)" - [Nutra USA]
• Prevention of Vascular Inflammation by Pterostilbene via Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Reduction and Mechanism of Microbiota Regulation - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Oct - "It appears that pterostilbene can alter host physiology and create an intestinal microenvironment favorable for certain gut microbiota. Gut microbiota analysis reveals that pterostilbene increases the abundance of Bacteroides. Further, pterostilbene decreases mRNA levels of vascular inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin)" - [Nutra USA] - See pterostilbene at Amazon.com.
• Pterostilbene attenuates experimental atherosclerosis through restoring catalase-mediated redox balance in vascular smooth muscle cells - J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Oct 23 - "Atherosclerosis, the major risk of cardiovascular events, is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring dimethylated analog of resveratrol and has recently been demonstrated beneficial against cardiovascular diseases ... We found that pterostilbene significantly attenuated thoracic and abdominal atherosclerotic plaque size in HFD-fed ApoE-/-mice, accompanied by modulated lipid profiles and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α). In addition, pterostilbene restored vascular redox balance in thoracic and abdominal aorta, evidencing by enhanced catalase (CAT) expression and activities, and decreased malondyaldheide and H2O2 production. Notably, pterostilbene specifically induced CAT expression and activities in VSMC of thoracic and abdominal aorta. In vitro, pterostilbene markedly promoted the expression and activity of CAT and decreased ox-LDL-mediated VSMC proliferation and intracellular H2O2 production, which was abolished by CAT siRNA knockdown or inhibition. Pterostilbene induced CAT expression was associated with inhibition of Akt, PRAS40, and GSK-3β signaling activation and upregulation of PTEN"
• Pterostilbene restores carbapenem susceptibility in NDM-producing isolates via inhibiting the activity of NDM enzymes - Br J Pharmacol. 2019 Aug 2 - "Pterostilbene significantly inhibited NDM-1 hydrolysis activity in enzyme inhibition screening assays and effectively restored the effectiveness of meropenem in vitro with NDM-expressing isolates in antibacterial activity assays"
• Therapeutic Potential of Pterostilbene and Resveratrol on Biomechanic, Biochemical, and Histological Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats - Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 May 16;2018:9012352 - "pterostilbene (PTS) ... The skeletal muscle isometric contraction forces, which showed a decrease with diabetes, were observed to increase with antioxidant applications. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and MDA levels in diabetic rats approached normal levels after applying PTS. When the electron microscopic images of the rat skeletal muscle were examined, those in the combination treatment group were observed to show a better enhancement in the skeletal muscle morphological structure compared to the other diabetic and treatment groups ... According to the findings, we suggest that these antioxidant treatments might have good therapeutic nutraceutical potential for some muscle diseases that coexist with diabetes" - [Nutra USA] - See pterostilbene at Amazon.com and resveratrol products at Amazon.com.
• Pterostilbene enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the induction of death receptors and downregulation of cell survival proteins in TRAIL-resistance triple negative breast cancer cells - J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Nov 22 - "Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) is nontoxic to normal cells and preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells. However, recent data suggest that malignant breast cancer cells tend to be resistant to TRAIL. Pterostilbene (PTER), a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, is known to have diverse pharmacologic activities, including anticancer properties ... Overall, our results show that PTER can potentiate TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the ROS and CHOP upregulation leading to DR4, DR5 expression"
• Pterostilbene-induced changes in gut microbiota composition in relation to obesity - Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Jul 5 - "gut microbiota (GM) ... Pterostilbene exerted protective anti-obesity effects, improved metabolic function (insulin sensitivity) and induced structural changes in GM composition ... Pterostilbene modifies intestinal bacteria composition towards a healthier microbial profile and suggests that the anti-obesity effects induced in Zucker rats could be associated with an enrichment of the mucin-degrading bacterial members, namely Akkermansia and Odoribacter genus"
• Inhibitory effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene on human colon cancer cells: a side by side comparison - J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Sep 20 - "Cell viability tests indicated that IC50s of pterostilbene were 2~5-fold lower than those of resveratrol in all three cancer cells. Pterostilbene was also more potent in inhibiting colony formation of all three cancer cells. Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) co-staining assay and western blotting analysis showed pterostilbene had stronger apoptosis-inducing effects, which was evidenced by the higher percentage of annexin V positive cells and higher levels of cleaved caspae-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins in cancer cells treated with pterostilbene than resveratrol. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that intracellular levels of pterostilbene were 2~4-fold higher than those of resveratrol after treatments with individual compounds at the same concentration. Overall, our results demonstrated that pterostilbene had more potent inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells than resveratrol, which may be associated with the superior bioavailability of pterostilbene to resveratrol"
• Pterostilbene ‘more potent than resveratrol’ for colon health: Study - J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Mar 23;59(6):2725-33 - "Inflammatory bowel diseases have been a risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by inflammatory cells create oxidative stress and contribute to neoplastic transformation, proliferation, and even metastasis. Previously, resveratrol (RS) and pterostilbene (PS) had been reported to prevent chemical-induced colon carcinogenesis by anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties ... Administrations of PS can be more effective than RS in reducing AOM-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), lymphoid nodules (LNs), and tumors. We also find that PS is functioning more effectively than RS to reduce nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of protein kinase C-β2 (PKC-β2) and decreasing downstream target gene expression, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and aldose reductase (AR) in mouse colon stimulated by AOM. Moreover, administration of RS and PS for 6 weeks significantly enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione reductase (GR), via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. When the above findings are taken together, they suggest that both stilbenes block cellular inflammation and oxidative stress through induction of HO-1 and GR, thereby preventing AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis. In comparison, PS was a more potent chemopreventive agent than RS for the prevention of colon cancer. This is also the first study to demonstrate that PS is a Nrf2 inducer and AR inhibitor in the AOM-treated colon carcinogenesis model"