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Anti-aging Research > Stanol Esters
Stanols and Sterols
Note: All the margarines that I'm seen that
contain stanol esters also contain hydrogenated oils, i.e.,
trans fatty acids, which defeats the whole purpose of eating it for health
reasons. The only margarine that I know that doesn't contain trans fatty
acids is Smart Balance.
News & Research:
-
Study extends understanding of phytosterol benefits - Nutra USA, 8/28/07
-
Plant Sterol Pills Significantly Lower LDL Cholesterol - Science Daily,
3/13/06 - "The addition of plant
sterols helped further lower total cholesterol and contributed to a nearly
10 percent reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol"
-
Pistachios Pummel Cholesterol - WebMD, 12/9/05 -
"Among commonly eaten nuts and
seeds, pistachios and sunflower seeds had the highest phytosterol content"
-
Plant Sterols May Help Lower Cholesterol - WebMD, 6/17/05 -
"Plant sterols are already on the
market in various products, including cholesterol-lowering margarines such
as Take Control and Benecol ... LDL cholesterol fell by more than a quarter
(27%) for diabetic people who received the sterol spread. For those without
diabetes, LDL dropped 15%"
-
The
phytosterol phenomenon - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 4/05
-
Sterols: the key to heart health -
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 11/04 - "volunteers who drank one glass of sterol-fortified orange juice twice a day
for eight weeks reduced their total cholesterol by 7.2 per cent, their LDL
cholesterol by 12.4 per cent and their non-high-density lipoprotein levels
7.8 per cent"
- Plant sterols impact absorption of other nutrients
- Nutra USA, 7/13/04 - "both of the milks enriched with plant sterols reduced cholesterol
absorption by 60 per cent ... Both also reduced the bioavailability of
beta-carotene by around 50 per cent and that of alpha-tocopherol by around
20 per cent but the reduction in beta-carotene bioavailability was
significantly less with plant free sterols than with plant sterol esters"
- Breakfast Table Therapy: Plant Sterols in O.J. Reduce Cholesterol
- Healthwell Exchange Daily News, 4/15/04 - "72 people with high LDL
cholesterol were randomly assigned to either
drink orange juice with phytosterols or plain orange juice for eight weeks
... total cholesterol levels dropped more than 7% and LDL cholesterol levels
dropped more than 12%. In contrast, no changes were seen in those receiving
the plain orange juice"
-
Moving Beyond Margarine - Natural Foods Merchandiser, 11/03 -
"plant-derived sterols are called phytosterols. The difference between
sterols and stanols is that stanols are saturated ... Phytosterols, because
of their molecular similarity to cholesterol, interfere with cholesterol
absorption in the gut by competing for the intestinal spaces where
cholesterol is transferred to the bloodstream ... When cholesterol is
blocked in this way, it is excreted rather than absorbed, resulting in
reduced serum cholesterol"
- Non-Esterified Stanol Diet Decreases Cholesterol Absorption Without
Increasing Synthesis - Doctor's Guide, 6/13/02
- Vegetable Oil Helps Reduce Cholesterol - WebMD,
6/7/02
- Plant Sterol-Enriched Spread Reduces Cholesterol Levels In Belgian
Population - Doctor's Guide, 5/16/02
- Super Foods: Able to Leap Broccoli in a Single Bound?
- WebMD, 1/7/02
- Trans Fatty Acids Enough of a Risk for the FDA to Consider New Labeling Laws
- WebMD, 3/8/01 - "Increasingly,
scientific evidence is demonstrating that eating foods containing trans
fatty acids contributes to increases in
LDL or "bad" cholesterol and
decreases in HDL or "good" cholesterol. They also may have other negative
effects on heart health. This is a major concern in North America, where
intake of trans fatty acids, which are found not only in margarines but also
in many baked goods as well as processed and fast foods, is high and where
heart disease is the leading cause of death . . . a 2% increase in trans
fatty acid intake causes a 25% jump in the risk of heart disease . . . you
are not doing yourself any favors by substituting trans fatty acids for
saturated fats"
-
Benecol Good With Cholesterol-lowering Drugs - Nutrition Science News,
10/00
-
Spread the Word: Plant-Based Margarines Lower Cholesterol - WebMD,
9/12/00
-
FDA: Plant Margarines Heart Healthy - Intelihealth, 9/6/00
- Study
Shows Spread Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Patients Taking Statin Drugs
- Medscape, 6/27/00
- Kids Lower Cholesterol With Help From a New Margarine
- WebMD, 5/5/00
- Special Margarine Cuts Cholesterol Levels in Children With Genetic Risk of
Early Heart Disease - Medscape, 2/10/00
-
Anti-Cholesterol Spread Approved - Intelihealth, 5/3/99
-
Cholesterol-lowering margarine expected in stores next year - CNN,
10/22/98
Abstracts:
- Comparison of the effects of dietary plant sterol and stanol esters on lipid
metabolism - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004
Jun;14(3):133-42 - "These findings
suggest that absorption of dietary plant sterols suppressed bile acid
synthesis, thereby diminishing their cholesterol-lowering efficacy. In
contrast, plant stanols reduced plant sterol absorption and maintained their
cholesterol-lowering efficacy"
-
Plant sterol ester-enriched milk and yoghurt effectively reduce serum
cholesterol in modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects
- Eur J Nutr. 2004 Aug 17 - "PSteE-milk
and PSteE-spread
were equally efficacious in lowering total and LDL-cholesterol as compared
to placebo by 6-8% and 8-10%, respectively. No significant additional
cholesterol-lowering was observed with the combination of
PSteE-milk and
PSteE-spread
(4 g plant sterols/d)"
-
Plant stanol and sterol esters in prevention of cardiovascular diseases
- Ann Med. 2004;36(2):126-34 - "A
small dose of statin should be added to treatment in individuals resistant
to monotherapy with plant stanol ester spread. A life-long consumption of
plant stanol ester spread has been predicted to lower coronary events by
about 20%" - Note:
Smart Balance Omega-Plus contains plant stanol esters and omega-3 from
fish oil.
- Impact of margarine enriched with plant sterols on blood lipids, platelet
function, and fibrinogen level in young men -
Metabolism. 2003 Nov;52(11):1373-8 -
"The subjects consuming margarine
with sterols showed a significant (11%) decrease in LDL-C (P <.001) ...
After the consumption of margarine with sterols, the adhesion and
aggregation time of blood platelets was significantly prolonged after
collagen-epinephrine activation. Margarine with sterols, through its
antiplatelet activity and the
significant reduction of LDL-C, can play a vital role in the
nonpharmacologic
prevention of circulatory diseases"
-
Effects of phytosterol ester-enriched vegetable oil on plasma lipoproteins
in healthy men - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.
2003;12(3):282-91
- Safety of long-term consumption of plant sterol esters-enriched spread
- Eur J Clin Nutr 2003 May;57(5):681-692 - "Consumption of a plant sterol esters-enriched spread is an
effective way to consistently lower blood
cholesterol concentrations and is safe to use over a long period of
time"
- Non-nutritive bioactive constituents of plants: phytosterols
- Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2003 Mar;73(2):127-34 - "Addition of plant sterols, or especially of their delta-5 saturated
derivatives plant stanols
into diet as fat-soluble esters inhibit cholesterol absorption and lower
serum cholesterol similarly in short-term studies. Long-term consumption of
plant stanol esters lowers serum cholesterol to the extent expected to
reduce clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease by over 20% without
detectable side effects, cholesterol lowering being especially effective in
combination with cholesterol synthesis inhibitors statins"
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