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Anti-aging Research > L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine
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Specific Recommendations:
General Information:
News & Research:
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30 years later: L-carnitine supplementation can boost athletic performance
- Nutra USA, 6/7/11
-
Lonza’s L-carnitine may boost exercise recovery: Study - Nutra USA, 8/12/10
- "Blood samples showed that L-carnitine supplementation significantly improved
a range of biochemical markers, including purine metabolism, free radical
formation, and muscle tissue disruption ... The l-carnitine l-tartrate
supplementation therefore reduced both myoglobin and creatine kinase
concentrations, providing additional evidence that LCLT reduces post-exercise
muscle disruption ... Such findings support the additional findings that
l-carnitine l-tartrate significantly reduced muscle soreness immediately after
the exercise workout and at 24 and 48 hours postexercise when compared with the
placebo condition" - [Abstract]
-
Carnitine Supplements Reverse Glucose Intolerance In Animals - Science
Daily, 8/17/09 - "After just eight weeks of supplementation with carnitine, the
obese rats restored their cells' fuel- burning capacity (which was shut down by
a lack of natural carnitine) and improved their glucose tolerance, a health
outcome that indicates a lower risk of diabetes ... These results offer hope for
a new therapeutic option for people with glucose intolerance, older people,
people with kidney disease, and those with type 2 diabetes (what used to be
called adult-onset diabetes) ... Carnitine is a natural compound known for
helping fatty acids enter the mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, where
fatty acids are "burned" to give cells energy for their various tasks. Carnitine
also helps move excess fuel from cells into the circulating blood, which then
redistributes this energy source to needier organs or to the kidneys for
removal"
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Science builds for L-carnitine and muscle ageing - Nutra USA, 10/30/08
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L-carnitine linked to better mental function in the very old - Nutra
USA, 12/13/07 - "either the daily L-carnitine
supplement (two grams, from Sigma Tau) or placebo for six months ... the
supplementation with L-carnitine was associated with significant reductions
in fat mass, compared to placebo. Indeed, the active supplement group lost
1.6 kg of fat mass, while the placebo group gained 0.6 kg ... Total muscle
mass in the L-carnitine-supplemented group increased by three kilograms more
than the placebo group ... Cognitive performance, measured using the
30-point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), showed increases of 4.1
points for the L-carnitine group, compared to only 0.6 points on average for
the placebo group" - [Abstract]
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Low-dose Carnipure tartrate promotes exercise recovery - Nutra USA,
4/13/07
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Why Aging Humans Need More Carnitine - Life Extension Magazine, 9/06
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L-Carnipure supplements may help reduce diabetes during pregnancy -
Nutra USA, 8/29/05
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Four
powerhouse nutrients - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 4/05 -
"L-carnitine shuttles fuel into
cells to be burned as energy; coenzyme Q10 sparks the energy within the
cells; ribose is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); and
alpha-lipoic acid increases ATP levels"
-
Sperm Swim Better With Carnitine - WebMD, 3/9/05 -
"The finding could help men coping
with fertility issues -- specifically, those men whose sperm don't move very
well"
-
Carnitine supplements may improve sperm mobility - Nutra USA, 3/7/05
-
New
uses for carnitine - Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, 11/04 -
"Because L-carnitine is central to the formation of energy from fat, the
heart is therefore dependent on L-carnitine for most of its energy
production ... L-Carnipure carries long-chain fatty acids into the
mitochondria where they are oxidised for energy. Its ability to generate
energy from fat makes carnitine useful as part of a weight management
program ... L-carnitine plus its metabolite,
acetyl-L-carnitine, can treat symptoms of male ageing, including sexual
dysfunction, depressed mood and fatigue"
- Carnitine Improves Symptoms of Male Aging -
Medscape, 4/14/04 -
"Carnitine is more active than
testosterone for improving symptoms of male aging such as sexual
dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue ... In this trial, 120 patients
were randomized to receive testosterone undecanoate 160 mg/day,
propionyl-L-carnitine 2 g/day plus
acetyl-L-carnitine 2 g/day, or placebo for six
months" [Abstract]
- See
iHerb
 or
Vitacost
acetyl-l-carnitine products and
iHerb
propionyl-l-carnitine.
-
Better than testosterone? - Life Extension Foundation, 4/19/04 -
"The April 2004 issue of the journal Urology published the findings ...
Erectile function, sexual desire, sexual satisfaction and nocturnal penile
tumescence increased over the course of the study in the group receiving
testosterone as well as the group receiving carnitine. In addition, the
group receiving carnitine experienced an increase in orgasm and general
sexual well-being. Erectile function and nocturnal penile tumescence were
significantly more improved in this group than in those receiving
testosterone. While both treatments lowered depression scores, carnitine’s
effect was greater"
- L-Carnitine Effective for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
- New Hope Natural Media, 12/19/02 -
"According to the parents’ ratings, 54% of the children showed significant
improvement in their behavior while taking L-carnitine, whereas only 13%
improved during the placebo period. The teachers’ ratings showed a similar,
though slightly less pronounced, advantage of L-carnitine over placebo"
- Also see acetyl-l-carnitine.
- Awesome Amino
Acids? - Dr. Weil, 8/23/02
-
The Benefits of Carnitine and DHEA for Fat Metabolism - Life Extension
Magazine, 8/02 -
"Carnitine is an amino acid that's critical for converting fatty acids into
fuel. Because of this, it has the potential to help people
lose weight ... A lack of DHEA may be one of
the primary causes of insulin resistance"
- L-Carnitine Aids Circulation in Legs - Nutrition
Science News, 12/01
-
Cardiovascular Health - Nutrition Science News, 9/01
- L-Carnitine May Prevent And Treat Hyperthyroidism
- Intelihealth, 8/30/01
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Can L-carnitine help reverse Alzheimer's disease? - Nutrition Science
News, 8/00
-
Ergogenics for Endurance Athletes - Nutrition Science News, 3/00
-
Sidestep Heart Disease - Nutrition Science News, 3/99
Abstracts:
-
Chronic oral
ingestion of L-carnitine and carbohydrate increases muscle carnitine content and
alters muscle fuel metabolism during exercise in humans: the dual role of muscle
carnitine in exercise metabolism - J Physiol. 2011 Jan 4 -
"total carnitine
(TC) ... At 50% VO2max, the Carnitine group utilised 55% less muscle glycogen
compared to Control (P<0.05) and 31% less pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
activation (PDCa) compared to before supplementation (P<0.05). Conversely, at
80% VO2max, muscle PDCa was 38% higher (P<0.05), acetylcarnitine content showed
a trend to be 16% greater (P<0.10), muscle lactate content was 44% lower
(P<0.05) and the muscle PCr/ATP ratio was better maintained (P<0.05) in
Carnitine compared to Control. The Carnitine group increased work output 11%
from baseline in the performance trial, while Control showed no change. This is
the first demonstration that human muscle TC can be increased by dietary means
and results in muscle glycogen sparing during low intensity exercise (consistent
with an increase in lipid utilisation) and a better matching of glycolytic, PDC
and mitochondrial flux during high intensity exercise, thereby reducing muscle
anaerobic ATP production. Furthermore, these changes were associated with an
improvement in exercise performance" - See
l-carnitine products at iHerb.
-
l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers of
recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women - Metabolism.
2010 Aug;59(8):1190-9 - "Two grams of l-carnitine supplementation had positive
effects and significantly (P < or = .05) attenuated biochemical markers of purine metabolism (ie, hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase), free radical formation (malondialdehyde),
muscle tissue disruption (myoglobin, creatine kinase), and muscle soreness after
physical exertion. However, markers of physical performance (ie, strength,
power, get up and go) were not affected by supplementation. These findings
support our previous findings of l-carnitine in younger people that such
supplementation can reduce chemical damage to tissues after exercise and
optimize the processes of muscle tissue repair and remodeling"
-
Glycine
Propionyl-L-carnitine Modulates Lipid Peroxidation and Nitric Oxide in Human
Subjects - Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2009 May;79(3):131-141 -
"Nitric oxide was
increased (p<0.05) from pre- to post-intervention with 3 g GPLC (21.34+/-2.27
vs. 29.46+/-3.61 micromol.L (-1))" - Note: (29.46 - 21.34) / 21.34 = 38%
increase in nitric oxide. See
Jarrow Formulas, GPLC, Glyco Carn, 500 mg, 60 Veggie Caps at iHerb.
-
l-Carnitine l-tartrate supplementation favorably affects biochemical markers
of recovery from physical exertion in middle-aged men and women -
Metabolism. 2009 Dec 30 - "Two grams of l-carnitine
supplementation had positive effects and significantly (P </= .05)
attenuated biochemical markers of purine metabolism (ie, hypoxanthine,
xanthine oxidase), free radical formation (malondialdehyde), muscle tissue
disruption (myoglobin, creatine kinase), and muscle soreness after physical
exertion. However, markers of physical performance (ie, strength, power, get
up and go) were not affected by supplementation. These findings support our
previous findings of l-carnitine in younger people that such supplementation
can reduce chemical damage to tissues after exercise and optimize the
processes of muscle tissue repair and remodeling"
-
L-Carnitine
supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes -
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec 3 - "The 2 groups received either 2 g L-carnitine once
daily (n = 41) or placebo ... the L-carnitine-treated patients showed
significant improvements compared with the placebo group in the following
markers: oxidized LDL levels decreased by 15.1 compared with 3.0 U/L (P <
0.001); LDL cholesterol decreased by 0.45 compared with 0.16 mmol/L (P < 0.05);
triglycerides decreased by 1.02 compared with 0.09 mmol/L (P < 0.001);
apolipoprotein A1 concentrations decreased by 0.12 compared with 0.03 mg/dL (P <
0.05); apolipoprotein B-100 concentrations decreased by 0.13 compared with 0.04
mg/dL (P < 0.05); thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance concentrations
decreased by 1.92 compared with 0.05 (P < 0.001), and conjugated diene
concentrations decreased by 0.72 compared with 0.11 in the placebo group ... Our study indicates that oral administration of L-carnitine
reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes"
- See
L-carnitine products at iHerb.
-
Effects
of carnitine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation and vascular
inflammatory responses to a high-fat meal in healthy young adults - Am J
Cardiol. 2008 Nov 15;102(10):1413-7 - "flow-mediated
dilation (FMD) ... these findings indicate that carnitine supplementation in
healthy individuals improves postprandial FMD after a high-fat meal"
-
Renoprotective action of l-carnitine in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome
- Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 Dec 17 - "l-carnitine
(CA) administration ... The benefits of CA in this model suggest the
therapeutic use of CA to counter the kidney changes associated with
metabolic syndrome"
-
L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and
increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled
clinical trial - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1738-44 -
"Our study indicates that oral administration of
levocarnitine produces a reduction of total fat mass, increases total
muscular mass, and facilitates an increased capacity for physical and
cognitive activity by reducing fatigue and improving cognitive functions"
-
Effect of L-carnitine and/or L-acetyl-carnitine in nutrition treatment for
male infertility: a systematic review - Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16
Suppl:383-90 - "the administration
of LC and/or LAC may be effective in improving pregnancy rate and sperm
kinetic features in patients affected by male infertility"
-
Asymptomatic carnitine depletion on ketogenic diet in patients with
pharmacoresistant epilepsies - Klin Padiatr. 2006 Sep-Oct;218(5):260-3 -
"Regular controls of carnitine
levels should be performed during the treatment with ketogenic diet, both at
the beginning and during longterm-therapy"
-
Effect of PLC on functional parameters and oxidative profile in type 2
diabetes-associated PAD - Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Jan 27 -
"These results suggest that adjunct
therapy with PLC may be warranted in type 2 diabetes-associated
PAD" - See
Ester l-carnitine (L Carnitine Propionyl) at iHerb.
-
Carnitine Treatment Improved Quality-of-Life Measure in a Sample of
Midwestern Hemodialysis Patients - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006
Jan-Feb;30(1):10-5 - "24 weeks of IV
carnitine therapy, SF-36 scores were improved and erythropoietin doses were
reduced in hemodialysis patients, relative to the control group"
-
Effect of L-carnitine on plasma glycemic and lipidemic profile in patients
with type II diabetes mellitus - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Mar 02 -
"fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ...
FPG in the L-carnitine group decreased significantly from 143+/-35 to
130+/-33 mg/dl (P=0.03) ... after 12 weeks of treatment"
-
Preliminary observations on the use of propionyl-L-carnitine
in combination with sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction and
diabetes - Curr Med Res Opin. 2004
Sep;20(9):1377-84 - "Salvage therapy
with PLC plus sildenafil was more effective than sildenafil in the treatment
of ED in patients with diabetes refractory to sildenafil monotherapy"
- The way I understand it, propionyl-L-carnitine is the l-carnitine
available over-the-counter. See
HealthTouch and "alternative names" at
HealthGate.
- Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual
dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging
- Urology. 2004 Apr;63(4):641-6
- The role of carnitine in normal and altered fatty acid metabolism
- Am J Kidney Dis 2003 Apr;41(4 Suppl 4):S4-S12
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