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Anti-aging Research > Isoflavones.
Isoflavones
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Specific Recommendation:
News & Research:
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Methoxyisoflavone
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Methoxyisoflavone for Sports & Fitness
- Vitacost Health Library
-
Soy
- Vitacost Health Library
- Isoflavones - The
Natural Pharmacist
-
Soy
Compound May Halt Spread Of Prostate Cancer - Science Daily, 3/14/08 -
"the amount of the chemical, an antioxidant known as
genistein, used in the experiments was no higher than what a human would eat
in a soybean-rich diet ... genistein decreased metastasis of prostate cancer
to the lungs by 96 percent compared with mice that did not eat the compound
in their chow"
-
Daidzein-rich supplement shows menopause potential - Nutra USA, 1/11/08
- "The new study, led by George Blackburn, assigned
the subjects to receive daily supplements of the daidzein-rich isoflavone-aglycone
(DRI) supplement at a dose of either 40 or 60 milligrams, or placebo for 12
weeks ... At the end of the study, the researchers report that the number of
hot flushes in the group receiving the lower dose was reduced by 52 per
cent, while the women receiving the higher dose experienced a 51 per cent
reduction in the number of hot flushes. The placebo group reported a 39 per
cent reduction in hot flush frequency" - [Abstract]
-
Daidzein-rich
isoflavone aglycones are potentially effective in reducing hot flashes in
menopausal women - Menopause. 2007 Jul 18 - "DRI
supplementation may be an effective and acceptable alternative to hormone
treatment for menopausal hot flashes"
-
Isoflavones may stop benign breast lumps: study - Nutra USA, 12/18/07 -
"the highest plasma levels of genistein (more than
76.95 nanograms per millilitre) were 74 per cent less likely to have breast
cancer, and 60 per cent less likely to have benign conditions, relative to
women with the lowest average levels (less than 9.42 ng/mL)"
-
New Proof of Genistein's Efficacy and Safety for Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Published in Annals of Internal Medicine - Doctor's Guide, 7/16/07 -
"85% of the women taking genistein showed a gain in
bone density ... In addition, women taking genistein with calcium and
vitamin D achieved a gain in bone density of approximately 3% per year over
baseline and 6% per year over those taking the placebo"
-
Soy Compound May Bolster Women's Bones - WebMD, 6/18/07 -
"After two years, the DEXA scans showed increases in
bone mineral density in women taking genistein"
-
Broccoli, soy anti-cancer benefits suggested - Nutra USA, 4/16/07 -
"this attraction between CXCR4 and
CXCL12 draws cancer cells to the organs they spread to ... exposure with
either DIM or genistein cut movement by 80 per cent"
-
Soy isoflavones linked to lower prostate cancer risk - Nutra USA, 3/8/07
- "The highest intake of soy
isoflavones (at least 32.8 milligrams of genistein per day) had a 40 per
cent reduced risk compared to those with the lowest intake (less than 13.2
mg/d)"
-
Isoflavone treatment for acute menopausal symptoms - Menopause. 2007 Feb
6 - "In women receiving 60 mg
isoflavones daily, hot flashes and night sweats were reduced by 57% and 43%,
respectively"
-
Meta-analysis supports isoflavones for hot flushes - Nutra USA, 1/15/07
-
Calcitriol and genistein actions to inhibit the prostaglandin pathway:
potential combination therapy to treat prostate cancer - J Nutr. 2007
Jan;137(1):205S-10S - "the
combination of calcitriol and genistein is an
attractive therapeutic option for the treatment of PCa"
- Soy
Isoflavones Protect Postmenopausal Women From Bone Loss - Medscape,
7/14/06 - "There was a significant,
linear dose-related response for isoflavones vs placebo in terms of bone
density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, but not at the trochanter"
-
Soy isoflavones could improve mood, mental function - Nutra USA, 6/28/06
-
Daidzein from soy linked to heart health benefits - Nutra USA, 6/23/06
-
Soy isoflavones attenuate bone loss in early postmenopausal Chinese women :
A single-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial - Eur J Nutr. 2006
Jun 8 - "There is a significantly
dose-dependent effect of soy isoflavones on attenuating bone loss at the
spine and femoral neck possibly via the inhibition of bone resorption in
non-obese postmenopausal Chinese women with high Kuppermann Scale"
-
Isoflavones for bone health depends on other factors
- Nutra USA, 7/15/04
- Soy: Prevent Prostate Cancer, Male Baldness? -
WebMD, 3/30/04 - "A little-known
molecule called equol
... is showing promise as a powerful blocker of a potent male hormone
involved in prostate cancer, male baldness, even acne ... Actually, the
protective effects occur when two chemicals in soy protein --
genistin and daidzin
-- reach the digestive system,
Setchell explains. There,
they are metabolized to form genistein and daidzein.
Daidzein is metabolized once
again, to form equol"
- Soy blocks prostate cancer? - Nutra USA, 3/30/04 -
"Equol,
the major metabolite of the phytoestrogen
daidzein - one of the main
isoflavones found abundantly in soybeans - completely stops in its tracks
the male hormone
dihydrotestosterone
(DHT),
which normally stimulates prostate growth and causes male pattern baldness"
- Phytoestrogens May Not Prevent Breast Cancer -
WebMD, 2/4/04
- Soy
Isoflavones May Improve Cognition in Postmenopausal Women
- Healthwell Exchange Daily News, 10/2/03 -
"Women taking soy isoflavones had significant improvements in recall,
logical thinking, planning tasks, and attention compared with women taking a
placebo, which translates to better memory and
ability to focus on a particular task"
- Soy For Prevention of Memory Decline Still Under Investigation
- Doctor's Guide, 9/23/03
- Soy May Cut Endometrial Cancer Risk - WebMD,
8/5/03 - "consumption of isoflavones
and lignans,
but not coumestans,
were associated with a reduced risk of
endometrial cancer, particularly among postmenopausal women"
- Chemical in Miso and Other Soy Foods Believed to Block Certain Tumors
- WebMD, 6/17/03 -
"identified 21,852 women between the ages of 40 and 59 and surveyed them
about various lifestyle issues ... They traced the women 10 years later ...
Women with the most isoflavones in their
diet had the lowest risk of breast cancer. This was especially true of
postmenopausal women"
- Soy Protein May Be Better Than Supplements for Menopause
- WebMD, 4/24/03
- Got Milk - WebMD, 9/27/02 -
"A combination of soy and cow's
milk could have some beneficial,
anti-cancer nutrients ... He says he thinks the most potent
cancer-fighting component of soy is a compound called
genistein ... He demonstrated that by feeding rats a diet containing
genistein before exposing them to a cancer-causing drug. The number of
breast tumors was reduced by 50%"
-
Diet Rich In Soy Protein Lowers Estrogens Associated With Breast Cancer
- Intelihealth, 9/24/02 -
"Isoflavones, the main constituent of soybeans, are believed to be
responsible for anti-cancer effects observed in an accumulating number of
human and animal studies ... However, the effect of soy on the breast is
controversial ... There are some in vitro studies of breast cancer cells -
animal studies, as well as short-term soy intervention studies in women -
suggesting that soy isoflavines may have stimulatory effects"
- Ipriflavone in Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment
- Medscape, 9/4/02
- Red Clover May Tame Hot Flashes - WebMD, 8/16/02 -
"Promensil is an isoflavone supplement produced from
red clover and contains the same key isoflavones commonly found in soy
foods. Isoflavones are plant compounds -- found commonly in soy -- that act
like weak form of the female sex hormone estrogen
... Only red clover contains all four isoflavones that women need ... 30
women were given either 40 mg of Promensil or a placebo for 16 weeks. The
group taking Promensil reported a 48% reduction in frequency of
hot flashes, whereas the control group had an 11% decrease" - See
iHerb
or
Vitacost
Promensil products.
- Soy Protein In The Diet Produces Health Benefits, Regardless Of Isoflavone
Content - Intelihealth, 7/25/02 -
"After each
soy diet, total
cholesterol, the ratio of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol,
homocysteine concentrations, and estimated overall cardiovascular risk
were lower than they were after the control diet. Additionally, serum
concentrations of LDL were lower after the high-isoflavone diet. The only
significant difference between the sexes was a tendency toward reduced
blood pressure in men after the high-soy isoflavone diet ... the soy
diets continued to improve the subjects' blood lipid profiles even after
dietary saturated fat consumption was maximally reduced"
- Phytoestrogen review - ConsumerLab.com, 7/16/02
- Soy Comparable to Some Diabetes Drugs - WebMD,
6/20/02 - "Soy
may help people with diabetes control their
blood sugar as well as some prescription drugs ... One group sprinkled their
food daily with a white powder containing 30 grams of soy protein and 132
milligrams of soy isoflavones for 12 weeks ... The soy products lowered the
women's blood sugar as much as some prescription diabetes drugs"
- Soy Isoflavone May Improve Bone Metabolism in Perimenopausal Women
- Doctor's Guide, 5/27/02 - "The
isoflavone group (n=12) received daily capsules of soy isoflavone extract
(61.8 mg of isoflavones) ... Excretion of bone
resorption
markers was reduced significantly in the isoflavone group"
- Soy
Formulas May Weaken Immune System - WebMD, 5/20/02
- "the
researchers examined immune system effects in mice fed diets high in the
isoflavone. At levels similar to those found in soy-fed infants, genistein
appeared to produce a large decrease in thymus size and immune cell function
... The study appears to contradict recently published research, sponsored
by a soy formula manufacturer, suggesting that infants fed soy-based diets
have normal
immune development as measured by response to
routine childhood immunizations. Infants fed soy-based
formulas also demonstrated immune status similar to infants who were
breastfed ... But a Danish study assessing soy supplementation in
postmenopausal women did find evidence of immune suppression"
- Ovulatory Cycles Not Affected By Isoflavones Supplement
- Doctor's Guide, 3/21/02
- Phytoestrogens May Reduce Heart Disease Risk In Older Women
- Intelihealth, 2/21/02 - "phytoestrogen
consumption was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Women who
consumed the highest amount of isoflavones and
lignans had significantly
lower triglyceride (fatty material found in blood) levels than those who
consumed the least amount of phytoestrogens. Similarly, those who consumed
significant amounts of lignan-rich
foods had less weight concentrated around their waists than those who ate
little or no lignan-rich
food. (Excessive weight around the waist is a risk factor for heart
disease.)"
-
The
Magic of Soy Beans - Life Extension Magazine, 11/99 -
"In the group receiving the highest doses of soy isoflavones, there was a
74% reduction in the median number of metastatic tumors to the lungs. The
study showed that the higher doses of isoflavones significantly decreased
tumor size and volume, in addition to reducing the number of metastatic
lesions."
- Long-Term Soy Consumption Does Not Effect Hormones In Postmenopausal Women
- Intelihealth, 12/21/01 - "Though
small hormonal fluctuations occurred in all three groups over time, the
researchers found no significant changes in serum estrogen, cortisol,
dehydroepiandrosterone
sulfate, or follicle stimulating hormone in any of the subject groups.
Circulating thyroid hormone levels were modestly increased in women taking
the highest dose of soy isoflavones for more than 6 months. Other effects of
soy isoflavones observed in the study, such as increased bone mineral
density and higher HDL concentrations in women who took the highest dose for
6 months, suggest that soy may possess estrogen effects that are better
reflected in these end-points rather than in serum hormone concentrations"
- Soy And Breast Cancer: Safe Or Unsafe? -
Intelihealth, 11/8/01
- Soy Isoflavone Stimulates Breast Cancer Tumor Growth
- Intelihealth, 11/8/01
- Product Review: Phytoestrogens -- Soy and Red Clover Isoflavones
- ConsumerLab, 8/15/01
-
Soy Isoflavones May Protect Postmenopausal Women From Alzheimer's -
WebMD, 4/3/01
-
Widely Used Supplement Doesn't Stop Bone Loss, Study Finds No Postmenopausal
Benefit From Ipriflavone - WebMD, 3/22/01
-
Osteoporosis Supplement Doesn't Prevent Bone Loss In Study -
Intelihealth, 3/20/01 -
"ipriflavone, a synthetic form of an estrogen-like substance found in plants
such as soybeans ... ipriflavone supplements had no effect on preserving
bone density. But women who took the supplements, in standard doses of 600
milligrams daily, were more likely than those on dummy pills to develop a
reduction in disease-fighting white blood cells called lymphocytes ...
The women remained otherwise healthy, but low lymphocyte counts are a
symptom of an immune system that is potentially more vulnerable to infection
... The study was funded by Chiesi Pharmaceuticals Inc., an Italian maker of
ipriflavone (so it may have been that brand)"
-
Soy and Health: What's the Scoop? Most Recent Addition to Soy Research Shows
Lower Breast Cancer Risk - WebMD, 12/21/00 -
"eating a diet rich in soy products may cut the risk of breast cancer in
half"
-
Bone Up on Osteoporosis - Nutrition Science News, 11/00 -
"Most research demonstrates that soy foods also increase mineral density in
menopausal women and reduce bone loss"
- Soy Isoflavones Reduce Bone Loss In Perimenopausal Women
- Doctor's Guide, 9/1/00
-
Does Ipriflavone have the same effects as the isoflavones found in soy?
- Nutrition Science News, 8/00
-
Isoflavone Concentrations Of Different Soy Foods - Nutrition Science
News, 8/00
-
Any Soy Has Isoflavones - Nutrition Science News, 8/00
-
Phytochemicals: Nutrients Whose Time Has Come - Nutrition Science News,
7/00
-
Menopause-Related Consensus Opinion on Isoflavones Developed - Medscape,
7/6/00
-
Flavonoids may help fight cancer, study finds - CNN, 3/30/00
-
Anti-Cancer Agent Sought In Soybean - Intelihealth, 9/20/99
-
Cancer Prevention Diet - Nutrition Science News, 8/99
- USDA-Iowa State University Database on the Isoflavone Content of Foods -
1999 - USDA
-
Isoflavones May Cut Menopausal Cardiovascular Risk - Nutrition Science
News, 7/99
-
Isoflavone Concentration in Soyfoods - Indiana Soybean Board
- Soy
Phytoestrogens Prevent Stroke As Much As Premarin - Doctor's Guide,
3/20/98
- Key
Ingredient In Soy Is What Lowers Cholesterol - Doctor's Guide, 3/20/98
- Diet Can
Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer
- Doctor's Guide, 10/3/97
- Soy Intake
May Reduce Risk of Uterine Cancer -- New Cancer Research Study in Hawaii
- Doctor's Guide, 8/29/97
- Studies Show
Soy Protein May Prevent, Treat Bone Loss
- Doctor's Guide, 6/30/97
Food |
Isoflavones (mg.) |
| Beef(Not) textured soy
protein granules, 1/4 c. dry |
62 |
| Nutlettes breakfast cereal,
1/4 c. |
61 |
| Roasted soy nuts, 1/4 c. |
60 |
| Tempeh, 1/2 c. |
35 |
| Tufu, low-fat and regular,
1/2 c. |
35 |
| Take Care High Protein
Beverage Powder, 2 scoops |
35 |
| Regular soy milk, 1 c. |
30 |
| Low-fat soy milk, 1 c. |
20 |
| Roasted soy butter, 2 tbsp. |
17 |
| Morningstar Farms Ground
Meatless all-vegetable crumbles, 1/2 c. |
8.5 |
Abstracts:
-
Plasma Isoflavone Level and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer Among Japanese
Women: A Nested Case-Control Study From the Japan Public Health Center-Based
Prospective Study Group - J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 3 -
"We found a statistically significant inverse
association between plasma genistein and risk of breast cancer, but no
association for plasma daidzein. Adjusted odds ratios for the highest versus
lowest quartile of plasma level were 0.34 for genistein (95% CI, 0.16 to
0.74; P for trend, .02) and 0.71 for daidzein (95% CI, 0.35 to 1.44; P for
trend, .54). Median plasma genistein values in the control group were 31.9
ng/mL for the lowest and 353.9 ng/mL for the highest quartile groups"
-
Effects of One-Year Treatment with Isoflavone Extract from Red Clover on
Prostate, Liver Function, Sexual Function, and Quality of Life in Men with
Elevated PSA Levels and Negative Prostate Biopsy Findings - Urology.
2008 Feb;71(2):185-90 - "isoflavonoid extract from
red clover ... daily 60-mg dose of an isoflavone extract for 1 year ... The
average PSA level was 10.16 ng/mL at baseline versus 7.15 ng/mL after 12
months, for a statistically significant reduction of 33% ... The sexual
hormone levels did not change throughout the study. We registered a
significant increase in all three liver transaminases after 3 months"
-
Daidzein-rich isoflavone aglycones are potentially effective in reducing hot
flashes in menopausal women - Menopause. 2008 Jan-Feb;15(1):125-32 -
"When comparing the two treatment groups with the
placebo group, there were significant reductions in mean daily hot flash
frequency. The supplement (either 40 or 60 mg) reduced hot flash frequency
by 43% at 8 weeks (P = 0.1) and 52% at 12 weeks (P = 0.048) but did not
cause any significant changes in endogenous sex hormones or thyroid
hormones" - See
Nature's Way EstroSoy Plus Fermented Soy Extract + Black Cohosh at iHerb
.
-
Soy isoflavone intake increases bone mineral density in the spine of
menopausal women: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - Clin
Nutr. 2007 Dec 4 - "Isoflavone intervention
significantly attenuates bone loss of the spine in menopausal women. These
favorable effects become more significant when more than 90mg/day of
isoflavones are consumed. And soy isoflavone consumption for 6 months can be
enough to exert beneficial effects on bone in menopausal women"
-
Lycopene and soy isoflavones in the treatment of prostate cancer - Nutr
Cancer. 2007;59(1):1-7 - "The data suggest that
lycopene and soy isoflavones have activity in prostate cancer patients with
PSA relapse disease and may delay progression of both hormone-refractory and
hormone-sensitive prostate cancer"
-
Genistein and daidzein prevent diabetes onset by elevating insulin level and
altering hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzyme activities in non-obese
diabetic (NOD) mice - Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007 Oct 11 -
"Blood glucose levels of genistein and daidzein
groups were 40 and 36% of control value at the end of study (9th week). The
genistein and daidzein supplements increased insulin/glucagon ratio and
C-peptide level with preservation of insulin staining beta-cell of pancreas
in the NOD mice ... The supplementation of genistein and daidzein are
seemingly helpful for preventing IDDM onset"
-
Isoflavone intake in persons at high risk of cardiovascular events:
implications for vascular endothelial function and the carotid
atherosclerotic burden - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):938-945 -
"In persons at high risk of cardiovascular events, a
greater isoflavone intake is associated with better vascular endothelial
function and lower carotid atherosclerotic burden"
-
Exposure to the phytoestrogen daidzein attenuates apomorphine-induced penile
erection concomitant with plasma testosterone level reduction in dose and
time-related manner in adult rats - Urology. 2007 Sep;70(3):613-7 -
"The phytoestrogen daidzein has the potential to
adversely affect erectile function in a dose and time-related manner that is
at least partly attributable to androgen deficiency. These findings
implicate that phytoestrogens, especially isoflavones, if overconsumed for a
long period, might be a novel risk factor for erectile dysfunction"
-
Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on some predictors of cardiovascular
risk in osteopenic, postmenopausal women: a two-year randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study - J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007
Aug;92(8):3068-75 - "Compared with placebo,
genistein significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin as well as
homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance after both 12 and 24
months of treatment"
-
Genistein induces the metastasis suppressor kangai-1 which mediates its
anti-invasive effects in TRAMP cancer cells - Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
2007 Jul 16 - "This work provides the first evidence
that genistein treatment may counteract KAI1 downregulation, which is
observed in many cancer types and therefore, could be used in
anti-metastatic therapies"
-
Dietary Isoflavones May Protect against Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men
- J Nutr. 2007 Aug;137(8):1974-1979 - "Isoflavones
and their aglycones (genistein and daidzein) were significantly associated
with decreased risk. The odds ratio for the highest category (>/=89.9 mg/d)
compared with the lowest category (<30.5 mg/d) of isoflavone intake was 0.42
(95% CI = 0.24-0.72) and the linear trend was significant"
-
Soy isoflavone intake inhibits bone resorption and stimulates bone formation
in menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - Eur
J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar 28 -
"Isoflavone intervention significantly inhibits bone resorption and
stimulates bone formation"
-
Effect of 6 months of exercise and isoflavone supplementation on clinical
cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized,
double-blind study - Menopause. 2007 Feb 6 -
"Compared to an aerobic exercise
program alone, 70 mg/day of isoflavones combined with exercise may promote
significant improvements in body composition parameters that are known to
influence cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women"
-
Six months of isoflavone supplement increases fat-free mass in
obese-sarcopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind controlled
trial - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Feb 21 -
"fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass index (MMI=appendicular FFM/height(2))
... The isoflavone group increased significantly appendicular (P=0.034), leg
(P=0.016) FFM and MMI (P=0.037), but not the placebo group"
-
Effects of a genistein-rich extract on PSA levels in men with
a history of prostate cancer - Functional Foods
and Nutraceuticals, 11/04 - "a
genistein-rich extract as the sole treatment for prostate cancer does not
appear to be an effective treatment for prostate cancer when given alone.
However, eight of 13 evaluated patients in the active surveillance group had
either no rise or a decline in PSA levels of less than 50 per cent"
- The specific role of isoflavones in reducing prostate cancer risk
- Prostate. 2004 May 1;59(2):141-7 - "These data suggest that supplementing early stage prostate
cancer patients with soy isoflavones, even in a study of short duration,
altered surrogate markers of proliferation such as serum PSA and free
testosterone in a larger number of subjects in the isoflavone supplemented
group than the group receiving placebo"
-
The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a
double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial - Am J Clin Nutr.
2004 Feb;79(2):326-33 - "These data suggest
that, through attenuation of bone loss, isoflavones have a potentially
protective effect on the lumbar spine in women"
- Usual dietary isoflavone intake and body composition in postmenopausal women
- Menopause. 2003 Sep-Oct;10(5):427-32 - "A significant inverse
relation was shown between genistein consumption and weight, body mass
index, waist circumference, and total body fat mass by bioelectric impedance
analysis ... This study suggests that usual dietary isoflavone intake is
associated with reduced total body fat and may consequently have a role in
the prevention of chronic disease"
- Phytoestrogen supplement use by women - J Nutr
2003 Jun;133(6):1983S-6S -
"Until safety with respect to breast cancer is established, phytoestrogen
supplements should not be recommended, particularly for women at high risk
of breast cancer"
- Bioavailability of phyto-oestrogens - Br J Nutr
2003 Jun;89 Suppl 1:838-52
- Phyto-oestrogens and osteoporosis: what is a safe dose?
- Br J Nutr 2003 Jun;89 Suppl 1:898-906
- Isoflavones and cognitive function in older women: the Soy and
Postmenopausal Health In Aging (SOPHIA) Study -
Menopause. 2003 May-Jun;10(3):196-202 -
"Women randomized to active treatment
(n = 27) took two pills per day, each containing 55 mg of soy-extracted
isoflavones (110 mg total isoflavones per day ... Comparisons of percentage
change in cognitive function between baseline and follow-up showed greater
improvement in category fluency for women on active treatment as compared
with the case of those on placebo (P = 0.02) and showed (nonsignificantly)
greater improvement on the two other tests of verbal memory"
-
Lack of significant genotoxicity of purified soy isoflavones (genistein,
daidzein, and glycitein) in 20 patients with prostate cancer - Am. J. of
Clin. Nutr., 4/03 - "Although isoflavones are capable of
inducing genetic damage in vitro, a similar effect was not observed in
subjects treated with a purified soy unconjugated
isoflavone mixture"
- Potential risks and benefits of phytoestrogen-rich diets
- Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2003 Mar;73(2):120-6 -
"Phytoestrogens are strikingly similar in chemical structure to the
mammalian oestrogen, oestradiol,
and bind to oestrogen receptors (ER) with a preference for the more recently
described ER beta ... Whether phytoestrogens have any biological activity in
humans, either hormonal or non hormonal is a contentious issue and there is
currently a paucity of data on human exposure ... The limited studies
conducted so far in humans clearly confirm that soya isoflavones can exert
hormonal effects. These effects may be of benefit in the prevention of many
of the common diseases observed in Western populations (such as breast
cancer, prostate cancer, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis) where the diet
is typically devoid of these biologically active naturally occurring
compounds"
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