|
|
|
Welcome to the Quality Counts. For those health conscious consumers and medical professionals that are looking to purchase nutritional supplements, vitamins, herbs, learning about medications, losing weight, health food, low carbs, high protein nutrition, and exercise, you have come to the right place. Quality Counts serves both the medical practitioner and consumer interested in nutritional therapy and alternative medicine.
Home >
Anti-aging Research > Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
Conjugated Linoleic Acid
(CLA)
Specific Recommendations:
News & Research:
-
Conjugated Linoleic Acid
- Vitacost Health Library
- Conjugated Linoleic Acid - The
Natural Pharmacist
-
Obese children may benefit from CLA: study - Nutra USA, 2/29/08 -
"when these results were compared to those from the
placebo tests, CLA improved
fat loss at a rate of 0.024 kg per gram
of CLA per week" - [Abstract]
- Note: 0.024 kg = 0.1 lbs so the normal 3 gram dose would be 0.3
pounds per week. It might not sound like much but 0.3 x 52 = 15.6 pounds per
year.
-
Creatine In Addition To Exercise Enhances Strength In Older Adults -
Science Daily, 10/2/07 - "The exercise training
resulted in improvements of functional ability and strength in all
participants, but those taking the CrM and CLA showed even greater gains in
muscle endurance, an increase in fat-free mass and a decrease in the
percentage of body fat"
-
CLA isomers show promise against colon cancer - study - Nutra USA,
9/24/07 - "We have demonstrated that diets
containing 0.1 per cent c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA were equally effective in
inhibiting colon cancer cell metastasis in vivo" - [Abstract]
- See
CLA products at iHerb
 .
-
Science stacks up for CLAs weight management - Nutra USA, 5/7/07
-
Lipid Nutrition builds science behind Clarinol CLA - Nutra USA, 4/12/07
-
Get the diet scoop: 6 promising supplements, 6 to avoid - CNN, 2/16/07 -
"promising ...
Caffeine ... EGCG
...
Chromium ... Conjugated
Linoleic Acid (CLA) ...
5-HTP ... L-dopa or
L-tyrosine"
-
Food
Supplement Could Prevent Development Of Diabetes And Atherosclerosis -
Science Daily, 3/12/07
-
Weight-loss Supplement Shows Good And Bad Traits - Science Daily, 2/1/07
- "Mice fed a CLA-supplemented diet
lost weight very fast, but also accumulated excessive amounts of fat in
their livers – a common side effect of rapid weight loss. Excessive fat
accumulation in the liver is linked to insulin resistance, a hallmark of
Type 2 diabetes"
-
Conjugated
Linoleic Acid - Medscape, 12/26/06
-
CLA continues to offer possibilities for bone health - Nutra USA,
10/2/06 - "After 10 weeks of either diet, it was
found that the CLA-fed mice had higher bone mineral density (BMD) in
specific bone regions than corn oil (CO)-fed mice. This increased BMD was
tied to a reduced activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor
necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) ... the CLA-fed
mice also had significantly lower fat mass and increased muscle mass,
compared to CO-fed mice"
-
CLA could cut 'weight creep' during holidays, ageing - Nutra USA,
8.22/06 - "the subjects taking CLA safely reduced
their body fat mass by one kilogram (2.2 lbs) and their body weight by 0.6
kg (1.3 lbs). In comparison, those in the placebo group gained 0.7 kg (1.5
lbs) of body fat mass and 1.1 kg (2.4 lbs) of body weight during the months
that are especially problematic for overweight people ... the majority of
studies that have reported positive results have all been performed with
Tonalin CLA… which has a very high concentration of the bioactive isomers
cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12"
-
CLA continues to promise benefits for diabetics - Nutra USA, 8/14/06
-
Compound In Dairy Products Targets Diabetes - Science Daily, 8/4/06 -
"Researchers first became interested in
CLA when it was shown to inhibit a variety of cancers such as breast, skin
and colon in mice, and further research showed effects on circulating
cholesterol and inflammation ... he used CLA on mice prone to adult onset
(Type-2) diabetes. Results indicated that the mice had an improvement in
insulin action, and a decrease in circulating glucose" - See
iHerb
or
Vitacost
CLA products.
-
CLA Weight Loss
Debate Continues - WebMD, 5/22/06 -
"for six months ... Three months
into the study, the CLA group had lost an extra 1.5 pounds of body fat,
compared to the placebo group ... At the study’s end, the CLA group lost
5.6% more body fat mass than those taking the placebo. The CLA group also
lost about 3.3 pounds more than the placebo group"
-
CLA’s body-shaping action clarified in new trial - Nutra USA, 5/10/06 -
"at the end of the six months the effect
on fat mass was seen to be around 2kg compared to the placebo ... Lean body
mass was seen to increase by an average of 0.4kg in the CLA group"
-
Pine
Nut Oil Boosts Appetite Suppressors Up To 60 Percent For 4 Hours -
Science Daily, 4/4/06 - "CLA
differentially reduces fat mass in men and women in just 3 months ... After
six months, there was an average fat mass loss of 2 kilos corresponding to
about 6% fat loss. At the same time, "overall body weight loss was 'only'
1.5 kilos because there was a gain in muscle mass,""
-
CLA Doesn't Keep Pounds Off - WebMD, 3/10/06 -
"there were no significant
differences in body weight or body fat regain between the two groups. Both
groups gained an average of about 9 pounds in body weight and more than 4
pounds in body fat during the study"
-
A
Fatty Acid Found In Milk May Help Control Inflammatory Diseases -
Science Daily, 11/8/05 - "CLA, which
is synthesized by microbial fermentation in the rumen of dairy cows, exists
naturally in a number of structural forms. Cook's team determined that one
of the variants inhibits the COX-2 protein"
-
How CLA fights inflammatory disease - Nutra USA, 10/19/05 -
"one of the CLA isomers is a natural
regulator of the COX-2 protein"
-
CLA, full-fat dairy linked to lower bowel cancer risk -
foodnavigator-usa.com, 10/10/05
-
CLA’s success rests on science - ffnmag.com, 6/05 -
"Tonalin is heavily researched and
backed by clinical science, whereas most of the competition is backed by
marketing dollars, not research ... CLA has been on the market since 1996
and continues to grow steadily, as we market responsibly based on clinical
research"
-
Weight Loss and Other Benefits of Conjugated Linoleic Acid
- Life Extension Magazine, 6/05 - "Researchers concluded that a dose of 3.4 grams results in significant
body-fat loss compared to placebo, but that greater amounts of CLA do not
result in greater fat loss"
-
Supplement Shows Promise for Body Fat Loss - WebMD, 4/1/05 -
"The group that had already been
taking CLA lost no more weight or body fat, but they maintained the body fat
losses seen in the previous year. People who began taking the supplement
during year two of the study lost an average of 3.5 pounds and also saw
reductions in overall body fat"
- Anti-Cancer Cows? - CBS 2 Chicago, 1/31/05 -
"Studies in cell lines and animal models have shown CLA to be effective at
preventing the formation of tumors ... research has also shown CLA can
destroy cancerous cells ... the fatty acid may be effective in stopping
breast cancer tumors"
- Gold Cognis Innovation Award for Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Products for
a Balanced Nutrition - NPI Center, 1/12/05 - "In 2002 an agreement with Natural ASA (Norway) was signed, which grants
Cognis an exclusive license for intellectual property and the trademark
Tonalin®. If CLA products are to succeed, a high level of isomeric purity is
essential, and thanks to an ongoing research program ... A recent study
found that CLA helps to reduce body fat mass in overweight but otherwise
healthy adults by as much as nine percent, and helps to maintain lean
muscle, resulting in an improved muscle-to-fat ratio"
-
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Often Has Mixed Effects in Type 2 DM -
Medscape, 10/1/04 - "received CLA
(3.0 g/day; 50:50 blend of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA) or
placebo for eight weeks ... CLA supplementation increased fasting glucose
concentrations by 6.3% ... total HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased by
8%"
-
Novel Fiber Limits Sugar Absorption - Life Extension Magazine, 9/04 -
"Life
Extension recommends that people seeking to lose weight consume the
following supplements: ... Chromium
polynicotinate 600-1000 mcg daily ... Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
3000-4000 mg daily ... PGX™ highly viscous fiber
blend 1000-3000 mg 5-10 minutes before each meal with 8-16 ounces of water
... Consider asking your doctor to prescribe 500 mg two to three times daily
of the insulin-normalizing drug metformin"
-
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Reduces Body Fat Mass -
Medscape, 5/28/04 - "Body weight
(-1.1 ± 3.7 kg for the FFA and -1.8 ± 3.4 kg for the triacylglycerol group)
and BMI (-0.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2 for the FFA and -0.6 ±1.2 kg/m2 for the
triacylglycerol group) decreased significantly in the two CLA groups at
month 12 compared with the placebo group which had no change" - Note:
1.1 kg is 2.4 pounds.
-
CLA: The New Miracle Weight Loss Pill?
- WebMD, 5/24/04 - "Both CLA groups
lost weight -- about 4 pounds; the placebo group stayed the same ... The CLA
syrup group had a 9% body fat loss; the CLA pill group had 7% loss; the
placebo group had no body fat loss ... The increased lipoprotein levels may
be a byproduct of fat loss, says
Gaullier. "The body does show
inflammation caused by the process of eliminating fat. We think this is what
is happening, but we don't know for certain.""
-
CLA combined with cellulite therapy shows dramatic improvement - Life
Extension Magazine, 3/03 - "60 women
were assigned to three groups; one, taking an herbal anti-cellulite pill
alone, and two other groups taking the herbal pill plus 400 mg and 800 mg of
CLA, respectively ... of the women taking the combination treatment with the
highest dosage of CLA, eleven showed improvement in
cellulite, two displaying "marked improvement." The average loss in
thigh circumference was nearly one inch"
-
CLA for weight loss and diabetes - Life Extension Magazine, 1/03
-
CLA, How and when to take it - Life Extension Magazine, 10/02
- Got Milk - WebMD, 9/27/02 -
"She explains that conjugated linoleic acid, or CLA, is the key to the cow's
role in cancer prevention. CLA is a minor fatty acid found in milk and milk
products and beef"
-
Novel Method of Enhancing Anti-Fat Effects of CLA - Life Extension
Magazine, 8/02 - "The results of
this study demonstrate that dietary CLA decreases excess fat accumulation by
reducing the capacity of adipocytes to store fat. When
guarana is added to CLA, there is an additional effect of reduction in
adipocyte number, as well as a decrease in adipocyte size. The impact of
this finding in preventing obesity is profound ... CLA improves
insulin sensitivity ... CLA is not just for fat-loss. Studies show it
may help protect against many diseases including
atherosclerosis and cancer ... CLA is also
able to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer.
CLA, as the article went on to say, can be considered a powerful prostate
cancer preventative, as well as a partial treatment"
- Weight Loss, Slimming, and Diabetes-Management Supplements (Chromium, CLA,
and Pyruvate) review - ConsumerLab.com, 4/3/02 - "ConsumerLab.com purchased a total of 18 supplements: 7 CLA products, 7
chromium products, 2 pyruvate products, and 2 combination products (one with
pyruvate and chromium and the other containing chromium, Garcinia cambogia,
CLA, L-carnitine and other ingredients)"
- Drink To Breast Health - Intelihealth, 10/9/01 -
"Possible anti-cancer factors found in milk include calcium, vitamin D and
CLA (conjugated linoleic acid). A recent Finnish study found that women with
breast cancer had significantly lower levels of CLA in their diets and
blood, compared with women without breast cancer. CLA has been shown to
block the local growth and spread of breast cancer in animal studies"
- Evidence-Based Products: Weight-loss - Nutrition
Science News, 10/01
-
Controlling Diabetes the Natural Way - Life Extension Magazine, 12/00 -
"While studies to date have shown CLA to be effective preventive therapy for
cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases, the latest findings presented at
the 220th national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS), August
2000, suggest a role for the compound in both glucose control and weight
loss."
-
CLA and Cancer - Life Extension Magazine, 4/00 - "Conjugated Linoleic Acid's (CLA) powerful anti-cancer effects are in the
news again! In the Journal of Nutrition (1999 December), a paper was
published showing significant cancer preventing properties when CLA was
added to the diet."
-
Why
Americans Are So Fat - Life Extension Magazine, 11/97
-
Nutritional supplement (CLA) may support attempts at weight loss - CNN,
8/21/00 - "A popular dietary
supplement appears to help people to lose weight and keep it off, as well as
control adult-onset diabetes, according to findings presented at a meeting
of the American Chemical Society."
-
Studies of CLA Have Promising Results - WebMD, 8/20/00 -
"But it is important to look for credible brands of CLA, cautions Pariza,
whose team used a 'high grade' version that was more than 90% pure: "There's
a lot of junk out there.""
-
CLA Reshapes Your Body, Cardiovascular and Immune Systems, and More -
Life Enhancement Magazine, 2/00
-
CLA Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis - Life Extension
Magazine, 10/99
-
The Benefits of CLA Too Good To Be True? - Life Extension Magazine, 6/99
-
CLA: Newly Discovered Benefits - Life Extension Magazine, 4/99
-
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), New Studies - Life Extension Magazine,
5/97
Abstracts:
-
Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat accretion and lipogenic gene
expression in neonatal pigs fed low- or high-fat formulas - J Nutr. 2008
Mar;138(3):449-54 - "CLA reduced body fat accretion
regardless of dietary fat content ... Adipose tissue expression of acetyl-CoA
carboxylase-alpha and lipoprotein lipase were significantly reduced by CLA
treatment"
-
Effects of
conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on bone mass in young male Balb/C mice
- Lipids Health Dis. 2006 Mar 23;5:7 - "Conjugated
Linoleic Acid (CLA) has been reported to lower body fat mass. However, weight
loss is generally associated with negative effects on bone mass, but CLA is
reported to have beneficial effects on bone ... a combination therapy of CLA and
EX on bone health has not been studied ... although CLA decreased gain in body
weight by 35%, it however increased bone mass by both reducing bone resorption
and increasing bone formation. EX also decreased gain in body weight by 21% and
increased bone mass; but a combination of CLA and EX, however, did not show any
further increase in bone mass" - See
CLA products at iHerb.
-
Weight gain and psychiatric treatment: Is there a role for green tea and
conjugated linoleic acid? - Lipids Health Dis. 2007 May 3;6:14 -
"Here we report on four cases of social anxiety
disorder treated with the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine.
Self-administration of conjugated linoleic acid and green tea extract may
have influenced objective anthropomorphic measurements; each patient had an
unexpected decrease in total body fat mass, a decrease in body fat
percentage and an increase in lean body mass. Since weight gain is a common
and undesirable side-effect with psychiatric medications, our observation
strongly suggests the need for controlled clinical trials using these
agents" - See
Jarrow green tea at iHerb
and
CLA products at iHerb.
-
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid decreases adipocyte size and favorably
modifies adipokine status and insulin sensitivity in obese,
insulin-resistant rats - Metabolism. 2007 Dec;56(12):1601-11 -
"Dietary CLA, compared with the control diet,
reduced circulating leptin and elevated fasting serum
adiponectin
concentrations in fa/fa rats ... CLA reduced
adipocyte size
and favorably modified adipokine status and insulin sensitivity in fa/fa
Zucker rats"
-
Influence of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the metastasis of colon
cancer cells in vitro and in vivo - J Nutr Biochem. 2007
Oct;18(10):650-7 - "diets containing 0.1% c9,t11 and
t10,c12 CLA were equally effective in inhibiting colon cancer cell
metastasis in vivo. However, in vitro, only c9,t11 but not t10,c12 inhibited
colon cancer cell migration and MMP-9 activity" - See
CLA products at iHerb.
-
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation alters the 6-mo change in fat
oxidation during sleep - Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):797-804 -
"Mixed isomer CLA supplementation, but not placebo,
positively altered fat oxidation and energy expenditure during sleep"
-
Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (isomers
cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on body composition and metabolic
syndrome components - Br J Nutr. 2007 Jul 11;:1-8 -
"Subjects were randomised to a daily intake of 500
ml milk supplemented with 3 g CLA (using a mixture of the bioactive isomers
cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, marketed as Tonalin(R), Naturlinea;
Central Lechera Asturiana) or placebo for 12 weeks ... The supplementation
of milk with 3 g CLA over 12 weeks results in a significant reduction of fat
mass in overweight but not in obese subjects. CLA supplementation was not
associated with any adverse effects or biological changes"
-
Conjugated linoleic Acid alters matrix metalloproteinases of metastatic
mouse mammary tumor cells - J Nutr. 2007 Jun;137(6):1423-9 -
"Suppression of MMP activity,
therefore, may be 1 pathway through which CLA reduces tumor invasion and
spread"
-
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Adipose Depots without Reduction of
Stearoyl Coenzyme A Desaturase 1 Gene Expression - Ann Nutr Metab. 2007
May 29;51(2):126-133 - "the levels
of both epididymal and visceral fat weight were significantly lower in the
CLA-supplemented groups"
-
Six months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid induces
regional-specific fat mass decreases in overweight and obese - Br J
Nutr. 2007 Mar;97(3):550-60 - "randomised into two groups supplemented with either 3 x 4 g/d CLA or
placebo for 6 months. CLA significantly decreased BFM at month 3 (Delta=- 0
x 9 %, P=0 x 016) and at month 6 (Delta=- 3 x 4 %, P=0 x 043) compared with
placebo. The reduction in fat mass was located mostly in the legs (Delta=- 0
x 8 kg, P<0 x 001), and in women (Delta=-1 x 3 kg, P=0 x 046) with BMI >30
kg/m2 (Delta=-1 x 9 kg, P=0 x 011), compared with placebo. The waist-hip
ratio decreased significantly (P=0 x 043) compared with placebo. LBM
increased (Delta=+0 x 5 kg, P=0 x 049) within the CLA group ... Adverse
events did not differ between the groups"
-
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or
body fat regain - Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):606-12 -
"A 3.4-g daily CLA supplementation
for 1 y does not prevent weight or fat mass regain in a healthy obese
population"
-
High-fat dairy food and conjugated linoleic acid intakes in relation to
colorectal cancer incidence in the Swedish Mammography Cohort - Am J
Clin Nutr. 2005 Oct;82(4):894-900 - "For CLA, the multivariate rate ratio of colorectal cancer in a comparison
of the 2 extreme quartiles of intake was 0.71 ... These prospective data
suggest that high intakes of high-fat dairy foods and CLA may reduce the
risk of colorectal cancer"
-
Effect of CLA supplementation on immune function in young
healthy volunteers - Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan 12
- "CLA supplementation also
decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and
IL-1beta (P<0.05), but increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory
cytokine, IL-10 ... This is the first study to show that CLA, a fatty acid
naturally found in dairy and meat products, can beneficially affect immune
function in healthy human volunteers"
-
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and
lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Am J
Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;80(4):887-95 - "3.0 g/d; 50:50 blend of
cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA ... CLA supplementation
significantly increased fasting glucose concentrations (6.3%; P < 0.05) and
reduced insulin sensitivity ... Total HDL-cholesterol concentrations
increased by 8%"
- Conjugated linoleic Acid in humans: regulation of adiposity and insulin
sensitivity - J Nutr. 2003 Oct;133(10):3041-6 - "It has been clearly demonstrated that specific CLA isomers or a crude
mixture of CLA isomers prevent the development of obesity in certain rodent
and pig models. This has been attributed mainly to trans-10, cis-12 CLA,
both in vivo and in vitro. However,
CLA's
ability to modulate human obesity remains controversial because data from
clinical trials using mixed isomers are conflicting. In support of some
studies in humans, our group demonstrated that trans-10, cis-12 CLA prevents
triglyceride (TG) accumulation in primary cultures of differentiating human preadipocytes.
In contrast, cis-9, trans-11 CLA increases TG content"
- The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on
body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in
overweight subjects
- Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Jul;27(7):840-7 -
"As a consequence of an increased regain of fat-free mass by
CLA, resting metabolic rate was increased by CLA (LD 12.0+/-11.4%, HD
13.7+/-14.4%) compared to placebo ... In conclusion, the regain of fat-free
mass was favorably, dose-independently affected by a 13-week consumption of
1.8 or 3.6 g CLA/day and consequently increased the resting metabolic rate.
However, it did not result in improved body weight maintenance after weight
loss"
-
Effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid
(CLA) isomers on immune function in healthy men - Eur J Clin Nutr 2003
Apr;57(4):595-603 - "Seventy-one healthy males aged 31-69
y received one of the following treatments: (1) mixture of 50% c9,t11 CLA
and 50% t10,c12 CLA isomers (CLA 50:50); (2) mixture of 80% c9,t11 CLA and
20% t10,c12 CLA isomers (CLA 80:20); and (3) sunflower oil fatty acids
(reference) ... Almost twice as many subjects reached protective antibody
levels to hepatitis B when consuming CLA50:50
fatty acids (15/24, 62%) compared with subjects consuming the reference
substance (7/21, 33%, P=0.075). In subjects consuming CLA 80:20 glycerides
this was 8/22 (36%)"
-
The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, t10c12-CLA, is inversely
associated with changes in body weight and serum leptin in subjects with
type 2 diabetes mellitus - J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):257S-260S
-
Inhibition of carcinogenesis by conjugated linoleic acid: potential
mechanisms of action - J Nutr 2002 Oct;132(10):2995-8
- Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans
- J Int Med Res 2001 Sep-Oct;29(5):392-6 - "Participants took either placebo (hydrogel)
or CLA 0.6 mg, three times daily, as two capsules during meals, for 12
weeks. Body fat, measured using near infrared light, was significantly
reduced in the CLA group during the study, but not in the placebo group"
- Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans--metabolic effects
- Lipids 2001 Aug;36(8):773-81 - "Fifty-three healthy men and women, aged 23-63 yr, were randomly assigned to
supplementation with CLA (4.2 g/d) or the same amount of olive oil during 12
wk in a double-blind fashion. The proportion of body fat decreased (-3.8%,
P< 0.001) in the CLA-treated
group, with a significant difference from the control group (P = 0.050)."
-
Opposite effects of linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid on human
prostatic cancer in SCID mice - Anticancer Res. 1998
May-Jun;18(3A):1429-34 -
"Mice fed the CLA-supplemented diet
displayed not only smaller local tumors than the regular diet-fed group, but
also a drastic reduction in lung metastases"
-
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the
mouse - Am J Physiol. 1998 Sep;275(3 Pt 2):R667-72 -
"These findings demonstrate that CLA reduces body fat by several mechanisms,
including a reduced energy intake, increased metabolic rate, and a shift in
the nocturnal fuel mix."
-
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizes impaired glucose tolerance in
the Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat - Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998
Mar 27;244(3):678-82 - "CLA effects on glucose tolerance and
glucose homeostasis indicate that dietary CLA may prove to be an important
therapy for the prevention and treatment of NIDDM."
-
Review of the effects of trans fatty acids, oleic acid, n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid on mammary carcinogenesis in
animals - Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Dec;66(6 Suppl):1523S-1529S -
"Conjugated linoleic acid is unique in the sense that concentrations < or =
1% are sufficient for producing significant cancer protection and that this
effect seems to be independent of the other fatty acids."
-
Morphological and biochemical status of the mammary gland as influenced by
conjugated linoleic acid: implication for a reduction in mammary cancer risk
- Cancer Res. 1997 Nov 15;57(22):5067-72 - "The observation is consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to CLA
during the time of mammary gland maturation may modify the developmental
potential of a subset of target cells that are normally susceptible to
carcinogen-induced transformation."
-
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice - Lipids.
1997 Aug;32(8):853-8 - "Mice fed
CLA-supplemented diet exhibited 57% and 60% lower body fat and 5% and 14%
increased lean body mass relative to controls (P < 0.05)."
-
The growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on MCF-7 cells is
related to estrogen response system - Cancer Lett. 1997 Jun
24;116(2):121-30 - "These results demonstrate that CLA
may inhibit MCF-7 cell growth by interfering with the hormone regulated
mitogenic pathway. We are reporting for the first time the involvement of
CLA, a dietary factor, in the regulation of hormone mediated mitogenic
pathways in ER positive breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro."
-
Retention of conjugated linoleic acid in the mammary gland is associated
with tumor inhibition during the post-initiation phase of carcinogenesis
- Carcinogenesis. 1997 Apr;18(4):755-9 - "Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to have significant
activity in inhibiting mammary carcinogenesis."
Other CLA retailers:
Related Sites:
I went to the library and ordered the full article of the
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the
mouse - Medline, 9/98
study . It only costs a dollar to get it. The study was impressive
so I though maybe they used a ridiculous amount of CLA. I found that part
in the article and the amount they used in the study was 2.46 mg CLA/kcal of
diet. To translate that to human terms, assuming that the average person
consumes 2000 calories a day (it's really kilocalories but few know that), 2000
x 2.46 mg = 4920 mg. Tonalin sells CLA in 1000 mg size so that is only
four per day.
In the study, they had four groups of mice. One group was fed a low fat
diet. Another group was fed a low fat diet plus CLA. Another group
was fed a high fat diet, and the last group was fed a high fat diet plus CLA.
At the end of six weeks, the high fat CLA group weighed about 10% less than the
high fat group without the CLA and the low fat CLA group weighed about 10% less
than the low fat group without CLA. The weight curve for the high fat
group with CLA and the low fat group without CLA were almost identical.
See graph:
In the first human clinical trials of Tonalin
brand conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), participants weighing an average of 156
pounds, reduced their body fat from 21.3 percent to 17 percent. The
average body fat of the placebo increased from 22.0 to 22.4. The CLA group
lost and average of 2.2 pounds over 90 days (156.6 to 154.4 pounds average).
The placebo group gained an average of 0.5 pounds after 90 days (158.9 to 159.4
pounds average). The amount used was two 500 mg capsules three times a
day. Each Tonalin capsule contained 0.3 grams of pure CLA.
Other than the decrease in body fat, the 2.2
pound loss of the CLA group over 90 days might not sound significant, however,
in the study of the prescription drug Xenical, the
Xenical group only lost 7 pounds more than the placebo group after two years.
That is only 3 1/2 pounds a year or 0.88 pounds average after 90 days.
Plus, that was a larger percentage weight loss. The average weight in the
CLA study was about 157 pounds. The average weight in the Xenical study
was about 220 pounds.
Study results can be obtained from
PharmaNutrients at 918 Sherwood Dr, Lake Bluff IL 60044. Telephone: (800)
221-4463; Fax: (847) 234-5545.
70816
|
